Série de artigos em homenagem aos Povos Indígenas Brasileiros. Índice:
De início, portugueses passavam aqui para buscar produtos como o pau-brasil, a caminho da Índia, onde estavam as especiarias. É que a corrente marítima que contorna a África passa pelo meio do Atlântico, então o Brasil era um desvio não muito grande no trajeto de ida.
Em várias partes do mundo, os portugueses fundavam fortalezas perto da costa nas quais os produtos que lhes interessavam eram guardados para quando os navios passassem. Em troca, entregavam itens europeus que hoje podem parecer de pouco valor, mas não eram. Se você precisa cortar uma árvore, vai valorizar bastante um machado de cunha metálica. Caso já tenha ficado numa casa sem espelhos, sabe que faz falta. No começo, os portugueses eram comerciantes, compravam aqui para vender lá e vice-versa. Então, os povos de várias partes, inclusive no Brasil, trocavam por vontade.
O esforço dos fidalgos era ajudado pelos padres, que convenciam marujos e soldados portugueses de que o que faziam os levaria ao paraíso, em prol de um suposto projeto civilizatório e cristão. É o que hoje chamaríamos de Fake News.
No entanto, as guerras logo começaram a pipocar.
No Brasil, enquanto uns capitães portugueses continuavam a procurar pau-brasil, que em poucas décadas rareou próximo ao litoral, outros chefes lusitanos passaram a caçar pessoas para vendê-las como escravas para as incipientes plantações de cana. Diante da perspectiva dos grilhões, muitos nativos se uniram, povos que às vezes tinham sido inimigos entre si, e deram batalha contra a invasão. Em alguns lugares, como no atual Espírito Santo, os indígenas venceram, matando muitos e queimando o que fora construído por portugueses, retardando o processo de colonização. Em outros, os fidalgos conseguiram aproveitar as inimizades entre os caciques para conseguirem bons aliados para si, ocasionando décadas de grandes batalhas em terra e no mar, como é o caso do eixo Rio-São Paulo, onde aconteceu a chamada Confederação dos Tamoios, a nossa maior revolta indígena – que, por sinal, é o pano de fundo do meu último livro.
Guerras assim foram habituais para portugueses, em sua vasta rede comercial pelo mundo, com embates do Brasil à Malásia, fossem contra reis locais ou almirantes otomanos. Frequentemente, portugueses perderam. Às vezes, conquistavam apenas o direito de fazer comércio no local e, sendo otimista, de manter o castelo perto da praia.
Só que, no Brasil, os fidalgos avançaram cada vez mais sobre o território, até a vitória completa. Por quê? Como isso aconteceu?
Eu conto sobre esses embates na parte 4 desta série em homenagem ao Dia Nacional dos Povos Indígenas.
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