Se você ouvir alguém dizer que nós tivemos décadas de grandes batalhas em todo litoral do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, no mar e em terra, talvez ache exagero – mas foi exatamente isso que aconteceu. Essa foi a Confederação dos Tamoios, na segunda metade do século XVI, bem no começo da invasão pelos portugueses da América. Mas o que houve exatamente?
Os portugueses se instalaram na capital em Santos e logo conseguiram fazer aliança com caciques da região do Planalto de Piratininga. O principal deles era o cacique Tibiriçá, da aldeia Inhapuambuçu, que ficava bem onde é hoje o centro da cidade de São Paulo. Por sinal, foi com autorização do cacique Tibiriçá que os jesuítas instalaram o colégio que existe até hoje e é considerado o marco zero da atual metrópole.
O negócio na época – quer dizer, o que dava dinheiro para os fidalgos portugueses – era, junto com seus caciques aliados, capturar outros povos indígenas e vendê-los como escravos para os senhores de Pernambuco que começavam a plantar cana caiana. Não à toa, o Porto de Santos, na época, era chamado de Porto dos Escravos.
Acontece que quando essa avalanche escravista chegou à atual região do estado do Rio de Janeiro, numa época em que nenhuma cidade ou vila portuguesa havia sido fundada ali, os nativos da região decidiram lutar contra a escravidão. Toda a baía de Guanabara era pontilhada por muitas e muitas aldeias, em grande parte inimigas entre si desde tempos imemoriais. E foi aí que aconteceu algo inédito entre os nativos do nosso país. Antes inimigos viscerais, eles se uniram para lutar contra o inimigo em comum que vinha de São Paulo.
De diversas etnias, eles se autointitularam tamoios, que em tupi significa “aqueles que estiveram aqui antes”. Ou seja, uma maneira de se diferenciar dos que chegaram depois, os brancos. Os nativos entenderam que, mesmo de diferentes povos, possuíam uma história e um destino em comum, o que passava pela resistência contra os invasores brancos e seus aliados locais. Essa ideia, de união entre os indígenas, correu as trilhas e navegou os rios. Povos distantes gostaram dela.
O Dia Nacional da Luta dos Povos Indígenas relembra o 7 de fevereiro de 1756, quando morreu Sepé Tiaruju, uma liderança dos Sete Povos das Missões. Unidos, eles lutaram contra a divisão das suas terras ancestrais entre portugueses e espanhóis, que cortavam o continente ao seu gosto. Essa ideia de que os povos nativos americanos possuem uma identidade em comum segue até o dia de hoje, depois de séculos, e é base para a luta desses povos por direitos, seja para manter as suas terras, preservar a sua cultura e ir ao encontro dos seus sonhos, como todos os humanos.
Um viva ao Dia Nacional da Luta dos Povos Indígenas. Nós, brasileiros que não somos indígenas, temos a obrigação moral de conhecer a nossa história e apoiar a luta dos nossos irmãos nativos.
Legal o texto. Gostei da forma como aborda a história da resistência dos povos indígenas contra a colonização portuguesa. Lembrando tbm da importância da união e da luta pela preservação da cultura e território do nosso povo indígena. É uma reflexão necessária.
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